Speculah:Magical Powers

From what we could see, magical girls have two kinds of magic power - material (relies on gem power to create items) and supportive (might not use gem power at all, greatly affected by wish).

Material magic

This one allows to create or transform objects using a gem's power. We have seen many applications of this magic already - the magical girl costumes, all the weapons they create and possibly Kyouko's food as well. Sayaka's bat and the binoculars Kyouko used are examples of a enchantment/transformation of a mundane item.

Supportive magic

This one consists of few skills every girl can use, but power of each skill heavily depends on wish.

Healing

We see Mami and Sayaka using it. Mami used it outside battle and took some time to heal minor wounds on Kyuubey, while Sayaka used it in battle to fully recover from major damage Kyouko inflicted. Sayaka's power is explained by Kyuubey - her wish gave her very strong regenerative abilities. It is currently unknown if Mami's ability was a result of her wish or not.

Bind/Barrier

This one was a specialty of Mami's. She enchants Sayaka's bat so that it automatically protects her, and can be planted in the ground for a more permanent barrier. Energy ribbons are used twice - first to catch the suicidal lady and the second time to protect Madoka. She uses plantlike tendrils to bind Gertrud and lift Charlotte. Her ribbons with a chain-motif and a lock bind Homura and presumably seal her powers. Also, Mami's last "Tiro Finale" appeared to be a binding variant of the direct damage move she used previously. Mami's proficiency in this area leaves a question - what kind of wish could affect it so much? "I wish I fastened my seatbelt" is hardly a correct answer.

Time stop/Time bubble (unconfirmed)

Seen twice in ep.5. First, Sayaka uses it for few seconds to stop Kyouko's spear with a sword (that's first time we see water drops hanging in the air). Then Homura uses greatly advanced version of it - she leaves message to Madoka and then saves Sayaka, also giving her some time to rest (note how Sayaka is laying when Kyouko is about to strike, and how she's resting behind after Kyouko lands). Although full time stop does leave some major inconsistencies (Homura could use it while hunting Kyuubey and escaping Mami's bind), Time bubble (where time keeps flowing not personally for caster, but in some area of simple form, which can't be left without resuming time) explains most things. Is Homura is really proficient in this, it makes her wish heavily related to time, which supports the time loop theory.

Teleport/Blink (unconfirmed)

Alternate vision of Homura's skill. Time manipulation version does not explain Homura's appearing out of nowhere after being hit by a building in the prologue as well as some of her movements during the Charlotte fight. She might have both abilities, which leads to even more powerful wish and may have been foreshadowed by Sayaka's quip in Ep.1. Re. Homura and Madoka: "You're friends, meeting each other again after having traveled through space and time!"